Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist and short story writer born on July 4, 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts. He was the second child of Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His father was a sea captain, and his mother was a descendant of John Hathorne, one of the judges who presided over the Salem Witch Trials.
Hawthorne attended Bowdoin College in Maine, where he met future president Franklin Pierce. After college, he returned to Salem and began writing short stories. In 1837, he published his first collection of stories, "Twice-Told Tales," which received critical acclaim.
In 1842, Hawthorne married Sophia Peabody, and they had three children. The family moved to Concord, Massachusetts, where Hawthorne became friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and other writers associated with the Transcendentalist movement.
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