Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist and short story writer born on July 4, 1804, in Salem, Massachusetts. He was the second child of Nathaniel Hathorne and Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His father was a sea captain and died of yellow fever when Nathaniel was only four years old. After his father's death, his mother moved the family to her parents' home in Salem. Hawthorne attended Bowdoin College in Maine, where he befriended future president Franklin Pierce. After college, he returned to Salem and began writing. His first published work was a collection of short stories titled "Twice-Told Tales" in 1837. He went on to publish several other works, including "The Scarlet Letter" (1850), "The House of the Seven Gables" (1851), and "The Blithedale Romance" (1852). Hawthorne's writing often explored themes of guilt, sin, and redemption. His works were heavily influenced by his Puritan upbringing and his fascination with the dark side of human nature. He was also known for his use of symbolism and allegory in
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